基于数据挖掘方法总结王树声教授治疗上尿路结石的用药经验

目的:运用中医传承辅助平台系统(V2.5)深入分析王树声教授治疗上尿路结石的用药经验，挖掘其核心经验 方组成和辨证用药规律。方法:收集王教授门诊治疗上尿路结石的治疗验方304 首，将方药信息录入系统，采用药物频次统计、 关联规则分析和熵聚类分析等方法分析处方用药规律。结果:304 首处方中涉及中药97 味，用药频次超过100 次的有14 味。所用药物药性多寒、温、平，药味多甘、苦，主归肝、肾、脾经；共得出25 组核心组合和9 首新处方。结论:王教授治疗 上尿路结石以益气固本、清热通淋为主，用药的关键在于“扶正固本”的把握和“祛邪通淋”的权衡，为临证用药和新方 开发提供参考。     

小儿宝泰康颗粒治疗小儿急性上呼吸道感染的临床研究

目的:研究观察小儿宝泰康颗粒治疗小儿急性上呼吸道感染的临床疗效及安全性评价。方法:选取2018年1月至2019年1月山东省立医院儿科门诊收治的急性上呼吸道感染患儿86例作为研究对象,按照就诊先后顺序编号分为对照组和观察组,每组43例。对照组给予小儿豉翘清热颗粒治疗,观察组给予小儿宝泰康颗粒治疗。对2组患儿的临床疗效、症状消退时间、血清炎性反应因子水平、不良反应发生率等进行统计比较。结果:治疗后观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察组痊愈率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),显效率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);有效率2组较为相近,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),无效率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组发热、咳嗽、鼻塞流涕、咽喉肿痛、脘腹胀满、食欲不振等症状消退时间均短于对照组,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后2组患儿的血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、血清白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平均有显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察组各项指标水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组发生水样便腹泻2例,腹痛1例,观察组未出现不良反应,组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:小儿宝泰康颗粒治疗小儿急性上呼吸道感染的临床疗效显著,能够缩短患儿的症状消退时间,降低患儿自身的炎性反应水平,治疗安全性良好,值得临床推荐。     

New immunosuppressive agents in transplantation

Immunosuppressive agents have enabled the development of allogenic transplantation during the last 40 years, allowing considerable improvement in graft survival. However, several issues remain such as the nephrotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors, the cornerstone of immunosuppressive regimens and/or the higher risk of opportunistic infections and cancers. Most immunosuppressive agents target T cell activation and may not be efficient enough to prevent allo-immunization in the long term. Finally, antibody mediated rejection due to donor specific antibodies strongly affects allograft survival.Many drugs have been tested in the last decades, but very few have come to clinical use. The most recent one is CTLA4-Ig (belatacept), a costimulation blockade molecule that targets the second signal of T cell activation and is associated with a better long term kidney function than calcineurin inhibitors, despite an increased risk of acute cellular rejection.The research of new maintenance long-term immunosuppressive agents focuses on costimulation blockade. Agents inhibiting CD40-CD40 ligand interaction may enable a good control of both T cells and B cells responses. Anti-CD28 antibodies may promote regulatory T cells. Agents targeting this costimulation pathways are currently evaluated in clinical trials.Immunosuppressive agents for ABMR treatment are scarce since anti-CD20 agent rituximab and proteasome inhibitor bortezomib have failed to demonstrate an interest in ABMR. New drugs focusing on antibodies removal (imlifidase), B cell and plasmablasts (anti-IL-6/IL-6R, anti-CD38…) and complement inhibition are in the pipeline, with the challenge of their evaluation in such a heterogeneous pathology.     

Neurophysiology of motor skill learning in chronic stroke

ObjectiveMotor learning is relevant in chronic stroke for acquiring compensatory strategies to motor control deficits. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor skill acquisition with the paretic upper limb have received little systematic investigation. The aim of this study was to assess the modulation of corticomotor excitability and intracortical inhibition within ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) during motor skill learning.MethodsTen people at the chronic stage after stroke and twelve healthy controls trained on a sequential visuomotor isometric wrist extension task. Skill was quantified before, immediately after, 24 hours and 7 days post-training. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to examine corticomotor excitability and short- and long-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI and LICI) pre- and post-training.ResultsThe patient group exhibited successful skill acquisition and retention, although absolute skill level was lower compared with controls. In contrast to controls, patients’ ipsilesional corticomotor excitability was not modulated during skill acquisition, which may be attributed to excessive ipsilesional LICI relative to controls. SICI decreased after training for both patient and control groups.ConclusionsOur findings indicate distinct inhibitory networks within M1 that may be relevant for motor learning after stroke.SignificanceThese findings have potential clinical relevance for neurorehabilitation adjuvants aimed at augmenting the recovery of motor function.     

桑色素-Cu2+配位分子印迹聚合物制备及其固相萃取应用

目的 制备桑色素-Cu²⁺配位分子印迹聚合物，对桑枝中桑色素进行分离富集。方法 在Cu²⁺存在下，丙烯酰胺为功能单体，在水-甲醇极性溶剂中制备桑色素-Cu²⁺配位分子印迹聚合物，以该聚合物为填料固相萃取桑枝中桑色素。结果 所制备配位分子印迹聚合物对桑色素具有较强的特异性、选择性吸附，最大吸附量82 μmol/g，远大于以氢键为作用力的传统印迹聚合物及非印迹聚合物；对桑色素结构类似物大豆素、儿茶素的分离因子分别为4.81、4.02。对比桑枝固相萃取淋洗液、洗脱液组成，所制备配位印迹聚合物对桑枝中桑色素表现出明显的富集效果。结论 制备的桑色素配位分子印迹聚合物环境适应性好，选择性吸附能力强，是适用于天然产物有效成分桑色素分离富集的良好材料。